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Combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Machine Learning (ML) and Membrane Systems for Computational Simulation of Phase-Molecular Separation-DNA/RNA-Related Function Based on Gene Ontology Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Author(s): ALIREZA HEIDARI

Received: August 12, 2024; Accepted: August 23, 2024; Published: August 30, 2024

*Corresponding author: Alireza Heidari, Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA; E-mail: Scholar.Researcher.Scientist@gmail.com; Alireza.Heidari@ calsu.us; Central@aisi-usa.org

Citation: Heidari A (2024) Combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Machine Learning (ML) and Membrane Systems for Computational Simulation of Phase-Molecular Separation-DNA/RNA- Related Function Based on Gene Ontology Using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Clin Img and Med Case Rep Vol.1 No.1

Copyright: ©2024 Heidari A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Our evaluation and its outcomes/outcomes/hints spotlight that gaining a (having to do with measuring matters with numbers) knowledge of the proteome company in living cells, and its outcomes/consequences/tips for the (introduction and production/ organization of objects) of condensates and MLOs, is an critical assignment that the section separation field wishes to face/address. Our findings that dosage-sensitive (tiny chemical meeting commands interior of living things), insufficient (tiny chemical meeting commands internal of living things) and homologs especially, are overrepresented amongst human LLPS drivers, spotlight furthermore the needed component of preserving the mobile (oversupply/huge quantity) of the (bearing on everyone or issue) DNA/RNA merchandise at a great degree well suited with tightly managed LLPS conduct, to keep away from extreme (diseases/the have a look at of diseases) that unexpected errors in any direction may also cause. In-depth close interest of the records on DNA/RNA concentrations used in the LLPS experiments assisting our excessive self-belief dataset of human driver DNA/RNA s laid the uncertainties related with defining the frame-shape-related meaningful ranges of this essential restriction/guiding principle that leads and controls condensate (introduction and production/ organization of items), and recommended how those uncertainties can be lessened (something awful) and (ultimately) shortened.

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Keywords

Computational simulation, Phase-Molecular separation, DNA/RNA, Gene ontology, Fluid dynamics, Machine learning (ML), Membrane systems

Introduction

Probably of thumb, we may also nation that for an entire and accurate category of a given DNA/RNA almost about the function (if any) it plays in LLPS, (combination of various things collectively that paintings as one unit) of a couple of experimental methods is essential. We have to admire that each method offers unique and often (combining in a way to make something better) facts, (in other phrases), in a feel they all have “benefits” and “disadvantages”. In trendy, the major gain of in vitro experiments is that the parts/portions of the machine are recognized and they can be perfectly managed, whereas their drawback is that situations are over-simplified and can’t (in a way that is near the fact or actual number) summarize frame-shape- related conditions (in terms of partners, after-translational changes, metabolites, mobile crowding, etc.). On the other hand, the important benefit of in vivo measurements is they do record on the LLPS conduct below real/honest frame-structure-related conditions (until DNA/RNA are very much/very badly overexpressed), securing/making sure of the (related to the body characteristic of residing matters) relevance of the LLPS process. Their principal downside lives within the more often than not hidden (underneath) cellular complex issue because key limits/ pointers that determine/determine out or influence the LLPS manner are both unknown or can’t be controlled. In general, LLPS systems can handiest be properly enough explored, the hidden (under) molecular (machines/ strategies/approaches) absolutely uncovered and the roles of the components/pieces exactly decided/figured out, if in vivo and in vitro experiments are utilized in mixture and the liquid fabric country of the resulting condensates is (checked for reality/proved genuine). Within the following, we define the predominant categories of LLPS- associated DNA/RNA s on the basis of the clear/separate roles they play in the LLPS system. For every category, we offer a quick “operational” description of the experimental (occasion(s) or item(s) that prove something) needed/ demanded to learn (or test) them [1-114].

Materials and Experimental Methodology and Techniques

Nerve-based sicknesses/problems significantly outnumber sicknesses in other medically helpful areas. However, developing drugs for central nervous system (CNS) sicknesses/problems remains the most challenging area in drug discovery, along with the long timelines and high (reduction of numbers) rates. With the fast growth of (the study of how life and medicine work together) data enabled by advanced experimental technologies, (not made by nature/fake) intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have come out as an extremely important tool to draw meaningful (understandings of deep things) and improve decision making in drug discovery. Thanks to the (times of moving ahead or up) in AI and ML sets of computer instructions, now the AI/ML driven solutions have a never-before-seen possible ability to speed up the process of CNS drug discovery with better success rate. In this review, we complete and thoroughly summarize AI/ML powered drug-based discovery efforts and their putting into uses in the CNS area. After introducing the AI/ML models as well as the creation and data preparation, we outline the computer programs of AI/ML technologies to (more than two, but not a lot of) key procedures in drug discovery, including target identification, compound (examining and testing so a decision can be made), hit/ lead generation and optimization, drug response and cooperation/working very well together (statement about a possible future event), de novo drug design, and drug rewriting/redoing. We review the current state-of-the-art of AI/ML guided CNS drug discovery, focusing on (the border between the blood and the brain that can be hard to get through) (ability for liquids and gases to flow through) (statement about a possible future event) and putting into use into medically helpful discovery for nerve-based sicknesses. Finally, we discuss the major challenges and limits of current approaches and possible future directions that may provide resolutions to these (problems, delays, etc.) (Figures 1 and 2).

Results and Discussion

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a molecular method that ends in the (creation and construction/ organization of gadgets) of membrane less (unique components of cells that perform precise capabilities), representing functionally (made to do one aspect very well) liquid-like cell condensates formed by DNA/RNA s and nucleic acids. (Combining various things together so they work as one unit) the statistics on LLPS-linked DNA/RNA s from dedicated (pc documents complete of facts) showed/ informed about only modest agreement between them and produced/gave up a high-self-belief dataset of 89 human LLPS drivers. Evaluation of the supporting (occasion(s) or item(s) that prove something) for our dataset exposed a well-concept-out and probably regarding distinction between DNA/RNA concentrations used in an amazing fraction of the in vitro LLPS experiments, a key restriction/ tenet that leads and controls the segment conduct, and the proteomics-obtained/made from cellular (oversupply/ huge amount) levels of the similar DNA/RNA s. Closer attention of the hidden (under) experimental records enabled us to provide a valid reason (for doing something) for this well-concept-out distinction, which draws on our modern-day knowledge of the mobile business enterprise of the proteome and the LLPS method. In help of this motives (for doing something), we discover that (tiny chemical assembly instructions inside of dwelling things) coding for our human LLPS drivers tend to be dosage- touchy, suggesting that their cellular availability is tightly managed to maintain their useful role in direct or indirect relation to condensate (introduction and construction/ group of items). Our analysis gives guideposts for growing agreement among in vitro and in vivo studies, probing the roles of DNA/RNA s in LLPS. To split and label a DNA/ RNA as “section separating”, therefore, needs/needs a gadget-level information of the segment diagram of the technique within the mobile, and the influence of cell limits/ recommendations and states of that/of it. But such analyses continue to be very difficult because (truly connected or associated) key limits/hints are either now not regarded or cannot be managed. Alternatively, (folks that work to locate records) turn to (ask masses of questions about/attempt to discover the fact about) LLPS inside the take a look at tube, wherein conditions may be effortlessly controlled. There may be, but, no (promise that something will in reality happen or that something will without a doubt work as described) that the findings of in vitro experiments (in a manner it really is near the reality or genuine quantity) represent the system in residing cells, in which delivered/extra molecular (group of comparable living things) may be present and exceptional prison/regulation-based totally (machines/methods/ways) can be at play. It is, therefore, extraordinarily critical that during vitro (times of watching, noticing, or making statements) on condensate (introduction and creation/ group of gadgets) be tested true via true in vivo experiments. Here, we (determine out the really worth, amount, or first-class of) these differences and examine their origins via cautiously studying the helping (occasion(s) or item(s) that show something) saved (old matters) inside the four wider-scope (pc files complete of records) due to mounted definitions for the four primary LLPS-related DNA/RNA classes (LLPS driving force, co- driving force, (device that controls something/institution of human beings that ensures guidelines are accompanied), and consumer), and the guide/helping info experimental approaches usually used in LLPS studies. Constructing in this evaluation, we get a excessive-self-belief dataset of human driving force DNA/RNA s whose central role in LLPS is (suitable or properly enough) supported by means of frame-structure-related (in reality linked or related) in vivo and in vitro experiments. Given the important thing position DNA/RNA awareness plays in controlling the LLPS method, attention is then gave/reserved to (giving motives for something) the information on DNA/RNA concentrations used within the assisting experiments and linking the findings to the wanted thing for (change for the higher, over time) to exceptional-song the cell availability of LLPS driver DNA/RNA s so one can preserve their functional function in direct or indirect relation to LLPS (introduction and construction/ organization of gadgets). We hope that our grouped collectively dataset of human LLPS DNA/RNA s will inspire other nicely-idea-out analyses of the available information on LLPS, highlighting further elements that want to be taken under consideration when designing, know-how/explaining, or judging the (related to the frame function of living things) relevance of LLPS experiments. DNA/RNA-structured liquid- liquid segment separation (LLPS) DNA/RNA s play very crucial roles in cell approaches including pressure granule (creation and production/ group of objects), DNA repair, DNA/RNA (chemically processing and using meals), germ mobile improvement, and DNA/RNA translation regulation. The (exceptional from what is generally expected) conduct of those DNA/RNA s is related to one of a kind disease, specially (related to the breakdown of nerve feature) sicknesses/troubles like amyotrophic lateral body-tissue hardening and frontotemporal intense troubles with questioning and residing, making their identity extraordinarily crucial. However, regular (scientist who studies the chemical substances in dwelling matters)- primarily based strategies for identifying those DNA/RNA s are time-the usage of/eating/drinking and steeply-priced. Handling this mission, our study developed a sturdy and healthful (math-based totally/laptop-based) model for their identity. We built a whole and thorough dataset containing 137 DNA/RNA-based and 606 non-DNA/RNA- dependent LLPS DNA/RNA sequences, which have been then (translated/put into secret code) the use of amino acid (paintings of art/inventive combining of elements), (work of art/inventive combining of factors) of k-spaced amino acid pairs, Geary autocorrelation, and grouped together triple-organization methods. Through a mixture of mathematical dating-associated analysis, from side to side/identical among human being’s statistics scoring, and (in small steps up) feature selection, we recognized a great characteristic subset. This subset become used to train a random wooded area model, which (completed or gained with attempt) a (satisfactory of being very near the reality or authentic quantity) of ninety% while examined towards an independent dataset. This look at (indicates or proves) the (viable energy or potential inside/opportunity of) (math-based totally/laptop-primarily based) methods as (producing lots with very little waste) different alternatives for the identity of DNA/RNA-dependent LLPS DNA/RNA s.


Figure 1: Computational simulation of phase-molecular separation-DNA/RNA-related function based on gene ontology using combination of computational fluid dynamics, machine learning (ML) and membrane systems.


Figure 2: Combination of computational fluid dynamics and artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)? aided anti-cancer Nano drugs discovery in central nervous system diseases for computational simulation of molecular separation in liquid phase using membrane systems

Conclusion

DNA/RNA-based liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) DNA/RNA s play very important roles in cellular strategies along with strain granule (introduction and construction/ group of gadgets), DNA repair, DNA/ RNA (chemically processing and using food), germ cell improvement, and DNA/RNA translation law. The (specific from what is usually predicted) behavior of these DNA/ RNA s is related to exceptional diseases, especially (related to the breakdown of nerve characteristic) sicknesses/ issues like amyotrophic lateral body-tissue hardening and frontotemporal excessive troubles with wondering and dwelling, making their identity extremely vital. However, regular (scientist who studies the chemical compounds in living matters) primarily based techniques for identifying those DNA/RNA s are time-the usage of/eating/drinking and steeply-priced. Handling this mission, our have a look at developed a robust and wholesome (math-based/ pc-primarily based) model for their identification. We constructed a complete and thorough dataset containing 137 DNA/RNA-dependent and 606 non-DNA/RNA- established LLPS DNA/RNA sequences, which were then (translated/positioned into secret code) using amino acid (work of art/inventive combining of elements), (work of artwork/artistic combining of factors) of ok-spaced amino acid pairs, Geary autocorrelation, and grouped together triple-group methods. Thru an aggregate of mathematical courting-related analysis, back and forth/equal between human being’s statistics scoring, and (in small steps up) characteristic choice, we identified a first-rate feature subset. This subset was used to teach a random wooded area model, which (finished or received with effort) a (exceptional of being very near the reality or genuine variety) of ninety% while tested in opposition to an independent dataset. This look at (suggests or proves) the (viable power or potential inside/opportunity of) (math- primarily based/computer-primarily based) methods as (producing a lot with little or no waste) other alternatives for the identity of DNA/RNA-dependent LLPS DNA/RNA s.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) Project of Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development, the National Natural Science Foundation of the United Sates, the International Joint BioSpectroscopy Core Research Laboratory (BCRL) Program supported by the California South University (CSU), and the Key project supported by the American International Standards Institute (AISI), Irvine, California, USA.

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  55. Heidari A (2018) Biomedical Instrumentation and Applications of Biospectroscopic Methods and Techniques in Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues Studies under Synchrotron Radiation and Anti-Cancer Nano Drugs Delivery. Am J Nanotechnol Nanomed 1: 001-009.
  56. Heidari A (2018) Vivo 1H or Proton NMR, 13C NMR, 15N NMR and 31P NMR Spectroscopy Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Ann Biomet Biostat 1: 1001.
  57. Heidari A (2018) Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS) and Grazing–Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXD) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors under Synchrotron Radiation. Ann Cardiovasc Surg 1: 1006.
  58. Heidari A (2018) Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs), Amorphous Boron Nitride Nanotubes (a-BNNTs) and Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanotubes (h– BNNTs) for Eliminating Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma, Leukemia, Germ Cell Tumor and Blastoma Cancer Cells and Tissues. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 5: 201.
  59. Heidari A (2018) Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), Exclusive Correlation Spectroscopy (ECOSY), Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY), Incredible Natural–Abundance Double–Quantum Transfer Experiment (INADEQUATE), Heteronuclear Single–Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC), Heteronuclear Multiple–Bond Correlation Spectroscopy (HMBC), Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) and Rotating Frame Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (ROESY) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 2: 30-35.
  60. Heidari A (2018) Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), Ultra- Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (USAXS), Fluctuation X-Ray Scattering (FXS), Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS), Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GIWAXS), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Grazing–Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction (EDXRD) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Oncol Res Rev 1: 1-10.
  61. Heidari A (2018) Pump-Probe Spectroscopy and Transient Grating Spectroscopy Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues with the Passage of Time under Synchrotron Radiation. Adv Material Sci Engg 2: 1-7.
  62. Heidari A (2018) Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS) and Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GIWAXS) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Insights Pharmacol Pharm Sci 1: 1-8.
  63. Heidari A (2018) Acoustic Spectroscopy, Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy and Auger Spectroscopy Comparative Study on Anti-Cancer Nano Drugs Delivery in Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues with the Passage of Time under Synchrotron Radiation. Nanosci Technol 5: 1-9.
  64. Heidari A (2018) Niobium, Technetium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Hafnium, Rhenium, Osmium and Iridium Ions Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Nanomed Nanotechnol 3: 000138.
  65. Heidari A (2018) Homonuclear Correlation Experiments Such as Homonuclear Single–Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC), Homonuclear Multiple–Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HMQC) and Homonuclear Multiple–Bond Correlation Spectroscopy (HMBC) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Austin J Proteomics Bioinform & Genomics 5: 1024.
  66. Heidari A (2018) Atomic Force Microscopy Based Infrared (AFM-IR) Spectroscopy and Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation with the Passage of Time. J Appl Biotechnol Bioeng 5: 142-148.
  67. Heidari A (2018) Time-Dependent Vibrational Spectral Analysis of Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. J Cancer Oncol 2: 000124.
  68. Heidari A (2018) Palauamine and Olympiadane Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Arc Org Inorg Chem Sci 3.
  69. Gobato R, Heidari A (2018) Infrared Spectrum and Sites of Action of Sanguinarine by Molecular Mechanics and Ab Initio Methods. International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. 2: 1-9.
  70. Heidari A (2018) Angelic Acid, Diabolic Acids, Draculin and Miraculin Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Med & Analy Chem Int J 2: 000111.
  71. Heidari A (2018) Gamma Linolenic Methyl Ester, 5-Heptadeca-5,8,11-Trienyl    1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2- Thiol, Sulphoquinovosyl Diacyl Glycerol, Ruscogenin, Nocturnoside B, Protodioscine B, Parquisoside–B, Leiocarposide, Narangenin, 7-Methoxy Hespertin, Lupeol, Rosemariquinone, Rosmanol and Rosemadiol Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Int J Pharma Anal Acta 2: 007-014.
  72. Heidari A (2018) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy, Micro-Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (Micro-ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy, Macro-Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (Macro-ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy, Two- Dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy, Linear Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy, Non-Linear Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy Based Infrared (AFM-IR) Spectroscopy, Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy, Infrared Correlation Table Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIRS), Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy, Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy and Photothermal Infrared Spectroscopy Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation with the Passage of Time. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-14.
  73. Heidari A (2018) Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC) and Heteronuclear Multiple–Bond Correlation Spectroscopy (HMBC) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Chronicle of Medicine and Surgery 2: 144-156.
  74. Heidari A (2018) Tetrakis [3, 5-bis (Trifluoromethyl) Phenyl] Borate (BARF)-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules. Medical Research and Clinical Case Reports 2: 113-126.
  75. Heidari A (2018) Sydnone, Münchnone, Montréalone, Mogone, Montelukast, Quebecol and Palau’amine-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules”, Sur Cas Stud Op Acc J 1.
  76. Heidari A (2018) Fornacite, Orotic Acid, Rhamnetin, Sodium Ethyl Xanthate (SEX) and Spermine (Spermidine or Polyamine) Nanomolecules Incorporation into the Nanopolymeric Matrix (NPM)”, International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules 4: 1-19.
  77. Heidari A, Gobato R (2018) Putrescine, Cadaverine, Spermine and Spermidine-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules. PJSE 4: 1-14.
  78. Heidari A (2018) Cadaverine (1,5-Pentanediamine or Pentamethylenediamine), Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (DEAD or DEADCAT) and Putrescine (Tetramethylenediamine) Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Hiv and Sexual Health Open Access Open Journal 1: 4-11.
  79. Heidari A (2018) Improving the Performance of Nano- Endofullerenes in Polyaniline Nanostructure-Based Biosensors by Covering Californium Colloidal Nanoparticles with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Journal of Advances in Nanomaterials 3: 1-28.
  80. Gobato R, Heidari A (2018) Molecular Mechanics and Quantum Chemical Study on Sites of Action of Sanguinarine Using Vibrational Spectroscopy Based on Molecular Mechanics and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry 20: 1-23.
  81. Heidari A (2018) Vibrational Biospectroscopic Studies on Anti-Cancer Nanopharmaceuticals (Part I). Malaysian Journal of Chemistry 20: 33-73.
  82. Heidari A (2018) Vibrational Biospectroscopic Studies on Anti–Cancer Nanopharmaceuticals (Part II). Malaysian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 20: 74-117.
  83. Heidari A (2018) Uranocene (U(C8H8)2) and Bis(Cyclooctatetraene)Iron (Fe(C8H8)2 or Fe(COT)2)- Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules. Chemistry Reports 1: 1-16.
  84. Heidari A (2018) Biomedical Systematic and Emerging Technological Study on Human Malignant and Benign Cancer Cells and Tissues Biospectroscopic Analysis under Synchrotron Radiation. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-7.
  85. Heidari A (2018) Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues with the Passage of Time under Synchrotron Radiation. Res Dev Material Sci 7: RDMS.000659.
  86. Heidari A (2018) C70-Carboxyfullerenes Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-7.
  87. Heidari A (2018) The Effect of Temperature on Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Produced by Synchrotron Radiation in the Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors. International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 6: 140-156.
  88. Heidari A (2018) A Clinical and Molecular Pathology Investigation of Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), Exclusive Correlation Spectroscopy (ECOSY), Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY), Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC) and Heteronuclear Multiple–Bond Correlation Spectroscopy (HMBC) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations Using Cyclotron versus Synchrotron, Synchrocyclotron and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for Delivery of Proton and Helium Ion (Charged Particle) Beams for Oncology Radiotherapy. European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 5: 414-426.
  89. Heidari A (2018) Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. J Oncol Res 1: 1-20.
  90. Heidari A (2018) Use of Molecular Enzymes in the Treatment of Chronic Disorders. Canc Oncol Open Access J 1: 12-15.
  91. Heidari A (2018) Vibrational Biospectroscopic Study and Chemical Structure Analysis of Unsaturated Polyamides Nanoparticles as Anti-Cancer Polymeric Nanomedicines Using Synchrotron Radiation”, International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 6: 167-189.
  92. Heidari A (2018) Adamantane, Irene, Naftazone and Pyridine–Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (PEPPSI) Nano Molecules. Madridge J Nov Drug Res 2: 61-67.
  93. Heidari A (2018) Heteronuclear Single–Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC) and Heteronuclear Multiple–Bond Correlation Spectroscopy (HMBC) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues with the Passage of Time under Synchrotron Radiation. Madridge J Nov Drug Res 2: 68-74.
  94. Heidari A, Gobato R (2018) A Novel Approach to Reduce Toxicities and to Improve Bioavailabilities of DNA/RNA of Human Cancer Cells–Containing Cocaine (Coke), Lysergide (Lysergic Acid Diethyl Amide or LSD), Δ?-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) [(-)-trans-Δ?- Tetrahydrocannabinol], Theobromine (Xantheose), Caffeine,Aspartame (APM) (NutraSweet) and Zidovudine (ZDV) [Azidothymidine (AZT)] as Anti-Cancer Nano Drugs by Coassembly of Dual Anti-Cancer Nano Drugs to Inhibit DNA/RNA of Human Cancer Cells Drug Resistance. PJSE 4: 1-17.
  95. Heidari A, Gobato R (2018) Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues with the Passage of Time under Synchrotron Radiation. PJSE 4: 18-33.
  96. Gobato R, Heidari A, Mitra A (2018) The Creation of C13H20BeLi2SeSi. The Proposal of a Bio–Inorganic Molecule, Using Ab Initio Methods for the Genesis of a Nano Membrane. Arc Org Inorg Chem Sci 3: AOICS.MS.ID.000167.
  97. Gobato R, Heidari A (2018) Using the Quantum Chemistry for Genesis of a Nano Biomembrane with a Combination of the Elements Be, Li, Se, Si, C and H. J Nanomed Res7: 241-252.
  98. Heidari A (2018) Bastadins and Bastaranes-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-7.
  99. Heidari A (2018) Fucitol, Pterodactyladiene, DEAD or DEADCAT (DiEthyl AzoDiCArboxylaTe), Skatole, the NanoPutians, Thebacon, Pikachurin, Tie Fighter, Spermidine and Mirasorvone Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-8.
  100. Dadvar E, Heidari A (2018) A Review on Separation Techniques of Graphene Oxide (GO)/Base on Hybrid Polymer Membranes for Eradication of Dyes and Oil Compounds: Recent Progress in Graphene Oxide (GO)/ Base on Polymer Membranes–Related Nanotechnologies. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 5: 228.
  101. Heidari A, Gobato R (2018) First-Time Simulation of Deoxyuridine Monophosphate (dUMP) (Deoxyuridylic Acid or Deoxyuridylate) and Vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol (DON)) ((3α,7α)-3,7,15-Trihydroxy-12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-En-  8-One)-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. PJSE 4: 46-67.
  102. Heidari A (2018) Buckminsterfullerene (Fullerene), Bullvalene, Dickite and Josiphos Ligands Nano Molecules Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Hematology and Thromboembolic Diseases Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-7.
  103. Heidari A (2018) Fluctuation X-Ray Scattering (FXS) and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-7.
  104. Heidari A (2018) A Novel Approach to Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), Exclusive Correlation Spectroscopy (ECOSY), Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY), Incredible Natural-Abundance Double–Quantum Transfer Experiment (INADEQUATE), Heteronuclear Single– Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC), Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond Correlation Spectroscopy (HMBC), Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) and Rotating Frame Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (ROESY) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-9.
  105. Heidari A (2018) Terphenyl-Based Reversible Receptor with Rhodamine, Rhodamine-Based Molecular Probe, Rhodamine-Based Using the Spirolactam Ring Opening, Rhodamine B with Ferrocene Substituent, Calix[4]Arene- Based Receptor, Thioether + Aniline-Derived Ligand Framework Linked to a Fluorescein Platform, Mercuryfluor-1 (Flourescent Probe), N,N’-Dibenzyl-1,4,10,13-Tetraraoxa- 7,16-Diazacyclooctadecane and Terphenyl–Based Reversible Receptor with Pyrene and Quinoline as the Fluorophores- Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-9.
  106. Heidari A (2014) Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), Ultra-Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (USAXS), Fluctuation X-Ray Scattering (FXS), Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS), Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GIWAXS), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Grazing-Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction (EDXRD) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-10.
  107. Heidari A (2018) Nuclear Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Spectroscopy (NRIXSS) and Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy (NRVS) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-7.
  108. Heidari A (2017) Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) and Ultra-Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (USAXS) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-7.
  109. Heidari A (2017) Curious Chloride (CmCl3) and Titanic Chloride (TiCl4)-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano Molecules for Cancer Treatment and Cellular Therapeutics. J Cancer Research and Therapeutic Interventions 1: 01-10.
  110. Gobato R, Gobato MRR, Heidari A, Mitra A (2018) Spectroscopy and Dipole Moment of the Molecule C13H20BeLi2SeSi via Quantum Chemistry Using Ab Initio, Hartree-Fock Method in the Base Set CC–pVTZ and 6–311G**(3df, 3pd). Arc Org Inorg Chem Sci 3: 402-409.
  111. Heidari A (2018) C60 and C70-Encapsulating Carbon Nanotubes Incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix(NPM) by Immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as Molecular Enzymes and Drug Targets for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. Integr Mol Med 5: 1-8.
  112. Heidari A (2018) Two-Dimensional (2D) 1H or Proton NMR, 13C NMR, 15N NMR and 31P NMR Spectroscopy Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues under Synchrotron Radiation with the Passage of Time. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-8.
  113. Heidari A (2018) FT-Raman Spectroscopy, Coherent Anti– Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) and Raman Optical Activity Spectroscopy (ROAS) Comparative Study on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues with the Passage of Time under Synchrotron Radiation. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-8.
  114. Heidari A (2018) A Modern and Comprehensive Investigation of Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy (IETS) and Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on Malignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors through Optimizing Synchrotron Microbeam Radiotherapy for Human Cancer Treatments and Diagnostics: An Experimental Biospectroscopic Comparative Study. Glob Imaging Insights 3: 1-8.